Category: Survival

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Skill Development – Building a one match fire

OK, Let’s build a fire!

The most common mistake when trying to build a one match fire is not having all your supplies gathered before you strike a match.

 

Supplies consist of three types of wood: tinder, kindling and fuel wood.

  • Tinder is very brittle, dry wood that is roughly the diameter of pencil lead and about as long as the spread of your hand from thumb to pinkie. Longer is better than shorter. Get a good double handful – you know, when you put your hands together finger tips touching and thumbs touching, like when they are around your snoring partners neck – that much is perfect.
  • Kindling is dry wood that is roughly about the thickness of your thumb. Be sure to collect a double arm load, imagine you are hugging your mother, about that much will do nicely, but always err on the side of too much. You want long pieces, about the length of you forearm from your elbow to tip of your middle finger (a cubit). Be sure it is good and dry because you’ll want it to break rather than bend it.
  • Fuel wood is larger pieces of wood that are anywhere from the thickness of your wrist to the size of your thigh. It can be bigger but those tend to require tools for processing. It is simpler to get what you can process by hand. Try to get pieces that are about the same length as your kindling. The drier the better, but you can place fuel wood around your fire to help get it drier. You want to get a pile about knee-high ready before you start because you can always get more later.

Now that you have acquired all your supplies, you are ready to build your fire.

 

Building Your Fire

Always build your fires in a safe location, and on bare ground far from any structures or trees that may catch fire. You are trying to get warm and potentially cook food and boil water, not burn down the forest or your shelter. If you have rocks available, make a nice little fire ring about the same width as your forearm is long.

 

Start by placing your pile of tinder in the center of you fire ring (assuming you found some rocks). Fluff your tinder so that you have a little air underneath it. Now, you are ready for your match. Protect it from the wind and make sure the match is burning well before you move to the tinder. You can do this by holding the match with the head slightly below your fingers. Now push the match under the tinder and hold it there as long as you can. If your tinder was dry, it will readily start to burn. Once you have a flame, be sure to roll or fluff the tinder over the burning part so you get a good portion of it burning.

 

Now time for your kindling! Start with your smaller pieces and just slowly add them by laying them over the burning tinder. Try to add them in a reasonably symmetrical manner (balance is good but not required). You are going to get a lot of smoke during this part. This is a good thing because where there is smoke there is fire. Once you have a good fire going with your kindling, you’ll know this because the smoke will have died down significantly, you can start adding your fuel wood.

 

When you are adding fuel wood remember the triangle of fire; Fuel, Heat and Air. Be sure not to smother your beautiful fire, feed it slowly, and add any remaining kindling to aid it if you run into trouble.

 

If you follow these simple guidelines and practice you should have no trouble starting one match fires and being the hero of your group.

 

NW Tips

A couple of insights from here in the NW where it tends to be a tad wet…

 

If you are dependent on a fire every night, start your day by collecting some moss. There is almost always plenty to be found and be sure it is free from insects. Then place some under your hat and on top of your head. This makes great tinder and if you keep it under your hat all day it will be nice and dry by the time you build your fire.

 

Also, I have found that quite often it is difficult to find dry ground to build a fire. So you can use either a large flat rock or build a platform from wet deadfall. If you take a couple of large pieces of wet deadfall place them parallel about a foot apart, then place 4 or 5 pieces across these at a right angle. Add one more layer like this, again at a right angle. Build your fire, as normal, on top of this. Not only will your fire be easier to start, the platform you build will dry out from the heat and turn into fuel.

 

Now, get out there and do it!

 

 

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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Skill Development

Good afternoon,

We here at NW survival tend to spend a lot of time talking about all the things you need to have in order to survive an adverse or emergency situation, either in the city or the wild. That means actual skill development may end up taking a back seat. This week I want to talk a bit about the importance of skill development.

The truth of the matter is that no matter what you have with you during times of stress, they are useless to you if you do not know how to use them. Even something as simple as a first aid kit may go unused without the proper skill set. If we don’t take the time to learn what the appropriate response is to any given situation, our other preparation is for naught.

So, we are going to start a series of posts dedicated to Skill Development, not equipment. Starting with the basics, how to start a fire. I can already hear the grumbles… “I know how to start a fire!! You are wasting my time.” But let me ask you this, when is the last time you built a fire with one match? OR When was the last time you built a fire with no matches?

Then we will talk about knots, followed by land navigation (both urban and rural), and many other skills that I consider basic.

 

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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Morale and your B.O.B.

Attitude is everything

I think that food, especially comfort food is the most overlooked part of a B.O.B. let’s face it, in a situation that causes you to grab your B.O.B. and go, the single most important tool you will have is your attitude, it will carry you when others won’t or defeat you before your time.

For me, something yummy goes a long way toward a good attitude, especially when the norm is to go without. I can’t tell you how many times I would see disheartened troops do a 180 when I produced a John Wayne bar or a pack of freeze dried strawberries for them, it is a field proven motivator. Like it or not, we need to think more about morale.

For others, perhaps it will be a pair of dry socks or a clean cotton t-shirt. If you have never been in the field for an extended period, then you just don’t know how good a clean cotton t-shirt is at raising morale. Perhaps, a pair of ear muffs, is what you need to change everything for that one loved one.

So, I’m leaving you with this, spend some time thinking about, what one or two items, preferably small and light weight, could possibly be a game changer for you or yours in an otherwise terrible situation, they will be worth their weight in gold.

 

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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Trauma Kit – blood loss management

Good morning, we are constantly scouring the internet for information and better ways to do things or be prepared, so I can’t guarantee that our articles are filled only with original thought, in fact quite the opposite, they are collections.

Back on topic, today I want to talk about an often overlooked section of preparedness, especially concerning everyday urban carry, the trauma kit. Now this does not have to be some elaborate, full blown “Combat Ready”, tension pneumothorax, put in a chest tube, make an airway, kit. It just needs to provide an adequate method of managing two common conditions found in medical emergencies.

1 – Compressible arterial bleeding – arterial bleeding in the extremities, arms and legs, not your neck!

2 – Non-compressible arterial bleeding – arterial bleeding in the torso, like your armpit, your groin area or you neck.

If you or someone else are in an accident, and suffer from either of these injuries without  the proper tools to manage it, death is very likely. Help will probably not arrive in time, your survival may depend on it.

So, an urban trauma kit should have;

1 – A tourniquet

2 – An Israeli bandage

3 – A roll of 4″ gauze

4 – A 3″ elastic bandage

5 – A pair of nitrile gloves

Now, the proper application of these items and care of the mentioned injuries is another topic all together. We highly recommend you get these items, make yourself a trauma kit and learn how to use it. Here is a good article To bleed or Not to bleed, that is the question

All of these items will fit in a quart sized freezer bag and may just save your life, or that of a loved one, someday. We don’t get to chose when disaster strikes, but we do get to chose to be prepared for it.

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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The Five C’S of survival

The 5 C's

Never go into the wilderness without these 5 C’s

 

(1) Cutting Tool: Ultimately, this means a sturdy, full tang knife, something that is always on your person in the backcountry. A four to five-inch carbon-steel blade and a flattened back edge is the most dependable and versatile. Well-made survival knives allow you to do everything from clean fish to split kindling.

(2) Combustion: A fire is critical in a survival situation during foul weather, it’s fundamental to maintaining your core temperature. Carry tinder material such as Wetfire or dryer lint with a ferro rod and a good lighter.

(3) Cover: We don’t get to decide when disaster strikes, this is important to remember. Always carry some sort of emergency shelter, a large garbage bag, a tarp, a poncho or even a wool blanket will do. You need to be able to setup some sort of shelter from the cold, rain and even sun. I would say forgetting this, is the most common mistake of outdoor enthusiasts.

(4) Container: Staying hydrated is essential in the outdoors, let alone an emergency. It is important to carry a container that can serve you in multiple ways. A large single walled stainless steel container is ideal, it not only allows you to carry plenty of water, in an emergency you will be able to boil water in it to make it safe for drinking. The are also very durable and well dent before the break

(5) Cordage: Carry a 100 feet of paracord, it is incredibly strong and has a myriad of uses, I never leave home without it.

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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The Rule of Threes

Emergency - The Rule of Threes

In an emergency, you will not last more than …

Three seconds without staying calm
Three minutes without breathing
Three hours without taking shelter
Three days without water
Three weeks without eating

Numbers are not concrete because they depend on the situation, environment, and person, but the rule of three gives us a solid base

Stay Calm, Apply First Aid, Find shelter, Find water, Find food

As Always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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Everyday Carry

It is my philosophy that each of us should make a habit of always carrying a few basic tools.

1 – A good sharp knife.

2 – A flashlight – rechargeable

3 – A length of cord

4 – A lighter

5 – A basic first aid kit

6 – A bottle of water

7 – A backup power source Anker

8 – A pen or pencil

9 – A small pad of paper, preferably water proof

These items should go with you everywhere, they will empower you.

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

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