Tag: Knots

Posted on

Skill Development – Knots you need to know

Today we will talk about the 7 knots you need to know;

  • Two Half hitches
  • The Figure eight on a bight
  • The Bowline
  • The Taut Line hitch
  • The Clove hitch
  • The Square knot
  • The Double Sheet bend

Knots are extremely useful and there are a myriad of choices. But, today we are going to examine what I consider to be the 7 most important knots that you need to know. With these knots in your skillset you will be able to deal with most any situation, requiring a knot, that arises. But please don’t consider this an all encompassing list, learn as many knots as you can.

That being said, let’s get started with some basic terminology;

  • Bight: Any part of a rope between the ends. Bight also is used to refer to a curved section of a rope within a knot being tied.
  • Loop: A bight becomes a loop when the two ropes cross. If the working end is crossed over the standing line, it is an overhand loop. It is an underhand loop if the working end runs under the standing part.
  • Working End: The active end being used to tie the knot.
  • Standing End: The end not being use in the tying of the knot. The rope part that is not being used is called the Standing Part.

Now for the Knots, I have included two pics for each knot, one loose so you can see how it is formed and one tight to show you how it should look when applied;

  • Two Half hitches, this knot is the simplest knot used to hitch a rope to a post. It consists of a wrap or loop around the post, followed by an overhand knot then a half hitch. It is basically a Larks Head knot tied with the working end on the Standing part, to form a loop that tightens when the standing end is pulled.2016-02-23 14.20.182016-02-23 14.00.39
  • The figure eight on a bight, this knot is commonly used by climbers because of its security and ease of disassembly. Especially useful when you need to make a secure loop somewhere in the middle of a rope and used in some compound knots. You can also tie a figure eight at the end of a rope as a stopper knot.2016-02-23 13.53.192016-02-23 13.58.45
  • The Bowline, this is the knot you always wish you knew. It is very versatile and easy to untie, even after being subjected to heavy loads while wet. It is basically a Sheet bend that forms a loop. Although this knot is very secure when under a load, it can tend to work loose when not. That is why climbers use a figure eight on a bight. Remember this little ditty “The rabbit comes out of the hole goes around the tree and back into the hole” the rabbit is the working end.2016-02-23 14.27.542016-02-23 13.52.11
  • The Taut line hitch is an adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension. It is useful when the length of a line will need to be periodically adjusted in order to maintain tension. Very useful when securing rain flies or tarps, if they become loose you simply slide the knot to take up the slack.2016-02-23 14.21.272016-02-23 14.07.58
  •  The Clove hitch, this knot was commonly used to hitch your horse to the rail. You have seen it done a hundred times, if you watch westerns. It tightens when pulled from the standing end. It becomes unreliable when used on a square or rectangular post. This is the base knot for all lashings.2016-02-23 15.05.322016-02-23 14.12.07
  • The Square knot is a binding knot used to secure a rope around an object. This knot is an ancient one and is commonly mis-tied resulting in the failure of the knot. The working ends should always be on the same side of the knot. This is the knot you use to tie your shoes. It is useful whenever you need a strong bind that is relatively flat, It is also commonly used to tie two ropes together, but this is a mistake, as it is unreliable in this application, use a double sheet bend instead. Here is the rhyme to follow “Right over left and left over right makes the knot neat and tidy and tight.”2016-02-23 14.19.412016-02-23 13.56.11
  • The Double Sheet bend, this knot is used to join two ropes together, regardless of size or type. Done properly it is quite secure. The working ends should be on the same side of the knot. The larger rope should always be the Bight side (Black line)2016-02-23 14.18.362016-02-23 13.55.20

So there you have it, with a little practice these knots will become part of your skillset and indispensable in your outdoor adventures or survival situations.

As always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

Posted on

Happy Holidays

From all of us at NW Survival

We wish all of you Peace, Joy, and Prosperity!

Thank you for supporting us!

Winter/Holiday Home Hazards

With the change in weather let us be aware of changes in home and personal safety hazards. Some things to consider:

-Christmas Trees – In addition to keeping a fire extinguisher nearby, check the water daily, turn tree lights off when away or asleep, & maintain distance from heaters.

-Warm clothing in GO Kits

-Blankets, food, water, etc. in cars in case of being stranded in a winter storm

-Working smoke and CO detectors -Here are some links to help identify other winter and seasonal hazard:

-Cold Weather Safety: Be Prepared for Winter

-Holiday Safety: Holiday Safety

-Pet Safety: Pet Safety

As Always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

Posted on

Veterans Day

Today is not a day to celebrate those that died for their country.

It is a day to celebrate all of those that stood up and said, I will defend the Constitution of the United States of America and the principles that it stands for against all enemies, both foreign and domestic. I will do this at whatever cost it levies, up to and including my life.
 
They do not serve or fight for politicians, they serve and fight for us, the citizens of this country, after all, they are us. They serve and fight for those that stand next to them and those that stand behind them. This is the heart of the veteran.
 
They represent a very small group, only about 5% of our population 1 in 20, yet they are the defenders of liberty and freedom. They stand to and say, you shall not pass!
 
My uncle once said to me 

I do not wear this uniform and serve my country because I love war, I do so with the greatest of hopes and convictions that the generations to follow me will not have to. So that they may inherit a world where peace and love rule.

 
He finally retired when he returned from Iraq, after serving 27 years.
Some veterans never saw the violence of war and never will, yet they made the same commitment and steeled themselves against the possibility.


These are the men and women we honor today!

As Always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

Posted on

National Preparedness Month

Well, here we are well into the third week of National Preparedness Month. What have you done to make yourself and family more prepared? Nothing, why not? Who is going to get you prepared? Do you think you will just magically be able to deal with whatever crises are presented to you? Do you believe the government will save you?

A disaster is defined as an incident where the needs of those affected exceed the available resources!

Read that again! There is a common phrase used by people that live outside of the urban/suburban areas where response times by emergency services is easily in excess of 30, usually 60 minutes. It is YOYO, (You’re On Your Own), this is how it will be should a disaster strike. The resources provided by the Federal, State and Local governments will be stretched beyond their capacity. It is a simple truth, by definition.

It is advisable and important for each of us as responsible citizens to do our best to have at least the basic supplies needed to endure through a crisis or disaster. We not only owe it to ourselves and family but our community as well. By getting ourselves prepared we make ourselves an asset to all those around us. It is similar to the safety briefing on a plane. When the oxygen masks come down, put yours on first, only then are you prepared to assist others.

Do you want to be an asset or a liability?

Now, I don’t want you to feel like you need to be an over the top prepper unless you want to be. All I am asking is that you take a few minutes and dollars and put together a few things for just in case.

Grab-n-Go Bag

Here is a good start on a Grab and Go bag. It takes very little time or resources to put one together. You can get the backpacks at a resale shop, the clothes you already have. You can use last years clothing if it is out of style you won’t care when you are warm and dry. Put that pair of shoes you just replaced because they were just too dirty in a plastic bag and stow them in your vehicle. There is literally very little excuse not to at least put something together, something is better than nothing. Remember to include feel good items, like toilet paper, fresh underwear, a clean shirt, and clean socks. Make a bag for each member of your family. If you have children have them help!

Most important of all, just start doing something!

Every journey starts with the first step, without it we will never go anywhere. So stop putting it off. Get up off your couch, go to the thrift store. Take your list with you to the dollar store. Just start moving towards being an asset to yourself, your family, and your community.

We offer classes on most subjects related to urban safety and survival.

CERT.jpgIf you are interested in contributing to the welfare of your fellow citizens during a disaster, consider joining your local CERT organization. They will provide you with training for free, all you have to do is show up!

As Always,
Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

 

 

Posted on

August Heat

It’s been hot here in Portland and there has been an uptick in aggression and erratic behavior in people. It seems like everyone I talk to feels like life is throwing them a lot of unexpected challenges of all kinds. I myself have encountered a lot of erratic and aggressive drivers. I’m bringing this up because it got me thinking about self-regulation in stressful situations, like a natural disaster, a mass shooting, or economic collapse. When we experience stress our body releases the stress hormone cortisol, and the sympathetic nervous system is activated. This can evoke the fight, flight, or freeze response. This can be useful if you can regulate it. That is because you will start losing some of your brain’s function and that won’t do anyone good. I’m going to list below a few techniques I like to use to manage my nervous system and at the end, I will describe a possible real-world emergency and how you can incorporate these techniques. 

First, breathe. And I’m not talking about those shallow chest breaths most of us do when we aren’t being aware of our breathing. I’m talking about slow and deep belly breaths. You know you are doing it right if you are keeping your shoulders relaxed and you can watch your belly expand and contract with each breath. This breath uses your diaphragm, the muscle between your lungs and your intestines, to pull air into the lower part of your lungs. This fills your lungs more completely and is much more effective at calming your nervous system. I find it helpful to visualize it, so here’s a picture. By focusing on your breath, you are bringing yourself back into your body and lessening the negative effects of a stress response.

breathe-fully

Second, take a break. If it is possible, step away for a moment and collect yourself and take a few breaths. If you are stressed, it is very easy to get fixated on the situation at hand and often it can do more harm than good. If you are becoming overwhelmed, do yourself and everyone else a favor and step back, even if it’s for 5 minutes. This action alone can significantly improve your problem-solving abilities.

Third, tune into your five senses. Tune in to each of your senses, one at a time, and identify 3-5 things that you are experiencing. This can be done at any point. Tune in and start with whatever sense you’d like. For example, say I have PTSD and I am triggered by something in my environment. I know there is no threat but now my body is pumping cortisol into my bloodstream, my thoughts are becoming scattered, and my hands start to shake. I’m able to recognize what is happening and I start with the first thing in the environment I notice. Mmmm, I smell cookies… the wood stove, and pine. I hear the piano, laughter, and crackling wood. I could taste the cookies, the wine, or the roast. I can feel the hardwood floor, the heat from the fire, and the soft blanket. I can see my favorite ornament, presents, and the cat curled up under the tree. This quick exercise quickly reduces your fight, flight, or freeze response and calms your nervous system. If it doesn’t work right away, keep trying, remember to breathe, or change your environment.

images

There are many ways that you can calm yourself down. These are just a few of them that are effective with my clients, and community. Next, I am going to walk through a possible scenario.

Let’s say I hear a gunshot come from my neighbors’ house. My nervous system is now on high alert. Instead of panicking, the first thing I’m going to do is take a few deep breaths as I assess the scene. I can safely observe with my eyes 3 things: their kitchen light is on, the front door is wide open, and their children ran across the street to the neighbors. Next, I don’t hear anything coming from the house, I hear the children crying, and I hear the neighbor say that they are calling 911. Then I remind myself, breathe. Next, I smell gasoline, the lavender bush I’m standing next to, and smoke. Breathe. Taste doesn’t apply to this situation. So next, touch. I can feel the sweat on my brow, my shaking hands, and my 9mm. Breathe. Before I act, I make sure I am grounded and regulated. Breathe. Now that I’m managing and aware of my nervous system I can continue with the next steps, all while continuing to regulate my nervous system and assess the scene. Breathe. In this moment I have been able to regulate without taking a break so I continue. However, after the event when there is no immediate danger and everyone is safe, one of the police officers asks me to debrief. At this moment, I realize I’m having a difficult time forming words because my nervous system is still on high alert. So, before I try to dive in, I take a break. I ask for some water, I step back, and I focus on my breathing. Then, when I am calm and feel that I can communicate more clearly, I approach the officer.

images (1)

Using these techniques means the difference between being helpful or harmful. Breathing helps you physically regulate your nervous system, by focusing on what you sense in your environment, you are interrupting your erratic thoughts, and by taking a break you are creating an environment in which you can do those things. We can not control our bodies automatic responses but we can attempt to manage them, allowing us to make safer, and more effective decisions. So, instead of laying on your horn because someone didn’t see your blinker and let you into their lane, take a deep breath, assess the situation, and try again. 😉

Sam

Posted on

Happy Independence Day

Good Morning Citizens

I beg of you one thing on this Independence Day. Please take a few minutes to consider this.

It was on this day, or close to it, 243 years ago that the wealthiest and most educated men of the colonies, if not the world, pledged their lives, fortunes, and sacred honor to embark on the most audacious of endeavors.

They made a conscious and calculated decision to rise and stand against the most powerful government and military in the world. They did this at the greatest of personal peril and some paid the ultimate price for this decision. Most paid with their fortunes as well, but none paid with their honor.
The reasons for this seemingly sacrificial act are diligently listed in The Declaration of Independence. If you haven’t read it recently or at all, today is a great day to do so. http://www.ushistory.org/Declaration/document/

We live in the country generated by this audacious act of treason against the empire. But, it is not the country they dreamed of. It has been perverted and distorted by greed and avarice. Our Federal government is bloated and unconstitutional. You may find that it is now the very same tyrannical, over-reaching, self-serving empire these men deemed a sufficient catalyst to risk everything and start anew.

“These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.”

Thomas Paine, December 1776

Happy Independence Day!

As Always,
Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared


Posted on

Are you ready for the road?

We are headed into the time of year when travel reaches its peak level, especially by passenger and/or recreational vehicles. That means it is time to get them in tip-top road ready condition. This includes making certain that we have emergency supplies that are congruent with our travel plans. We don’t want to be the ones in the news that fell prey to an unforeseen incident that left us unprepared and vulnerable. We don’t want to be lost, stuck or disabled without the tools and supplies that will help us prevail in whatever situation we find ourselves. That being said it is untenable to prepare for every situation, but we can prepare for most.

Frequent traveler

As an instructor, I travel year round all around the NW. Often times I find that I am the only vehicle on the road. That is actually my favorite time to travel. I have a keen sense that most times the only thing separating me and the oncoming traffic is a painted line. You are at the mercy of every other driver out there when you travel. You can be doing everything right and pay the price for the mistake or indiscretion of someone else at any time. I often see debris on the roadways from storms, improperly secured loads, and accidents. These hazards can and will cause problems for you, the recreational traveler if you are not careful and prepared.

Unprepared travelers

All too often we hear of someone who was caught unprepared while traveling. Whether it was weather related, mechanical failure, poor planning, or just bad luck the result is the same. They are forced into survival mode trying to improvise for shelter, food, and water occasionally resulting in death or severe injury. Something I say in all my classes is, “It costs us very little to be prepared and safe, but could cost us a great deal if we are not”, it is relevant to almost all aspects of our lives.

How do we prepare?

Skills first

As an instructor, I will always start by developing your skills. The skills that are relevant to this topic are easily attainable. The key is to learn the skills before you need them.

  • Learn how to check your tire pressure
  • Learn how to change a tire
  • Learn how to check your oil
  • Learn how to check your coolant level
  • Learn how to check your transmission fluid
  • Learn how to check and change fuses in your vehicle(s)
  • Learn how to use a weather radio
  • Learn how to read a paper map (not google maps)
  • Learn how to use a compass
  • Learn how to properly place flares
  • Learn how to use your fire extinguisher
  • Learn how to use jumper cables
  • Learn how to use a water filter
  • Learn how to use a portable stove

Tools and Supplies

Now that we have an idea of what skills we need, lets put together the tools and supplies to compliment those skills.

For your vehicle

  • Flashlight/Headlamp
  • Ice scraper
  • Tire gauge
  • Carjack
  • Spare tire (preferably full size)
  • Tire repair kit with a compressor
  • Shop towels
  • Quart of oil
  • Gallon of coolant
  • Quart of transmission fluid
  • Long funnel
  • Basic toolset (wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers, etc…)
  • Solar or crank powered weather radio
  • Maps and compass
  • Flares (preferably electronic to avoid combustion hazard)
  • Fire extinguisher (ABC)
  • Jumper cables
  • Portable Battery Jump Starter
  • Small shovel
  • Tow Rope

For the people

  • Candles
  • Lighters
  • Matches
  • Duct tape (we like Gorilla tape)
  • Disposable gloves
  • Well-stocked first aid kit (with any prescription meds you may be dependant on, such as an EpiPen, insulin, etc…)
  • Solar blankets
  • Wool blankets
  • Warm socks
  • Raincoat or poncho
  • Good all-weather coat
  • Cash (small bills and coins)
  • Stocking cap
  • Sun hat
  • Umbrella
  • Heavy gloves (work gloves)
  • Sleeping bag for the current season
  • Tent
  • Sleeping pads (one for each person)
  • Paper and pencils
  • Whistle
  • List of important phone numbers (on paper)
  • Can opener
  • Knife
  • Scissors
  • Garbage bags in various sizes
  • Sewing kit
  • Baby wipes
  • Toilet paper
  • Hand soap
  • Comb
  • Hairbrush
  • Toothbrush
  • Change of clothes (season appropriate)
  • Towels in a waterproof bag
  • Water (preferably one gallon per person or more)
  • Water filter (such as a Sawyer mini)
  • Backpack (small, for carrying supplies during excursions i.e. getting water, etc…)
  • Good walking shoes or boots
  • Portable camp stove (we like Jetboils)
  • Freeze Dried food (preferably 3 days per person)
  • 100 feet of Paracord
  • 25 feet of 3/8 inch rope
  • Pocket survival guide
  • A container for all your supplies

Important things to note

  • In cold weather, your water containers should have space to allow room for expansion when the contents freeze.
  • Always have a backpack for each person. If you are forced by circumstances to leave your vehicle on foot, you will want to be able to carry as much of your gear as possible. Always choose to stay with your vehicle if you can.
  • Your kit should change with the seasons, winter gear won’t do you much good in the heat of summer, but extra water will be invaluable.
  • When taking a longer trip, add extra food and water to your kit.
  • Don’t forget about communications: you can summon help with a cell phone or a two-way radio.
  • Depending on the laws where you live and your personal preferences, weapons and ammunition can be a useful addition to your vehicle kit.

Urban vs. Remote

This article is focused on remote travel where you would not be able to depend on services like AAA or other roadside assistance. Although these skills, tools, and supplies will benefit you wherever you travel you may not need to prepare for the extremes that I have. Not everybody needs everything on this list.  Pick the items that are relevant to your situation, your environment, and your disaster scenarios. No list can be comprehensive for everyone, but this has done well by me. As I said before,
“It costs us very little to be prepared and safe, but could cost us a great deal if we are not”

As Always,
Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

Posted on

The Myth of rising to the occasion

Prepare for summer

It is important that we deliberately choose how we spend our time. After all, it is our most valuable resource. No matter what we do, we can never get it back once it is spent. Each morning we have 1,440 minutes deposited in our accounts, that we must spend, there is no saving it. We can choose to waste it or use it, it is all up to us.

There is a myth that is commonly perpetuated, but is no less a myth. It is the myth that when bad things happen to us we will rise to the occasion. This is a dangerous idea, as it could not be further from the truth. It has been proven time and time again that you or I will not rise to the occasion, we will fall to the highest level of training we have mastered.

It behoovs us to train and develop the skills we need to meet our needs during a potential disaster. This is anything from a natural disaster like a cataclysmic earthquake (The Big One) to a man-made disaster such as the next depression. These events will need an entirely different set of skills then most of us have and use on a regular basis.

Make no mistake, these skills will be needed, it is only a matter of when not if. We all need to prepare for the eventuality choosing, not to can and probably will prove to be a fatal mistake. These are skills that our ancestors used on a daily basis, yet we have lost them through lack of need. We have been spoiled by the technology of the new world. It has made us dependent on it, and we will suffer if we do not take steps to break that dependence. we need to bring back the skills of our predecessors.

Water

We need to be self-sufficient and secure our own water sources whether it be through collection or retrieval. Water is life and we will not survive more than 3 days without it. If you are on city water, what happens when you cannot pay anymore, or the lines are broken due to liquefaction? How will you provide water for yourself and your family? Do you have the tools, skills and knowledge to overcome this crisis?

Shelter

We need to have safe and secure shelter, Is your current dwelling sufficient to provide you with this need should the big one hit? Do you have the tools, supplies, and skills to repair your house to a point where it will provide the needed shelter? What happens to you and yours when you can’t pay the rent? Will you survive without shelter? Unfortunately, you will not survive without shelter for more than 3 weeks, and those will be miserable.

Food

Do you grow your own food? Do you hunt and know how to dress an animal? How will you provide food for your family when the stores are empty? In the event of a disaster there will be a run on the stores. We see it every time there is some perceived threat, remember what happened this winter? Imagine it lasting 6 months, a year, or longer. Are you ready?

Security

Now let’s just assume, even though that is a bad idea, that you have all those bases covered. What about security? How will you protect yourself and your loved ones when disaster strikes? Because most of us now live in high-density cities we will feel the sting of not being prepared much more than the rural areas, let’s face it there are a lot of rates in the cage. When the shelves and bank accounts go empty those that have not prepared are coming for what you have. It is human nature to preserve yourself and the ones you love, you will only be an obstacle to them. Are you prepared for this eventuality? What tools do you have? What skills do you have?

Conclusion

I know this may sound alarmist or apocalyptic to some. But, let me ask this question, will it harm you in any way to be prepared? Knowledge is the easiest tool to carry! Always remember, the more you know, the less you need to carry. There is no harm in preparing yourself and your family for a possible disaster, but it may prove fatal if you don’t.

As Always,
Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

Posted on

Don’t be a taco sauce hero

I hope it has been long enough to be sensitive, but not so long that you don’t remember. I have to say it angered me greatly to listen to the news about the man and his dog that survived 5 days in the wilderness on nothing more than 3 packets of taco sauce. They not only completely misrepresented what it takes to survive, they essentially made the idiot a hero. The media going to the extreme and Taco Bell stepping up to salute the young man for being so resourceful and rewarding him is ridiculous and dangerous.

This is probably the worst thing that could have happened. It sets up a lot of ignorant albeit well-meaning people to fail in a survival situation. The facts are that this young man failed at everything but death. His situational awareness was non-existent, had he even the slightest bit he would have recognized that he was getting in over his head. He would have seen all the warning flags that were flying around his head. If he had any sense at all he would not have gotten in the bad situation in the first place. It is not as if some exigent circumstances caused the problem, it was sheer carelessness, and we paid for it. Who do you think paid for the search efforts?

Don’t get me wrong I’m happy he and his dog survived, but it wasn’t because of taco sauce. He did enough things right after the fact, that he survived, and he would have without the taco sauce! What is being missed here by the media, and all those watching it yet ignorant of reality is the rule of threes and how it relates to survival.

The rule of threes

  • You will not survive for longer than 3 seconds without staying calm
  • You will not survive for longer than 3 minutes without air
  • You will not survive for longer than 3 hours without shelter
  • You will not survive for longer than 3 days without water
  • You will not survive for longer than 3 weeks without food
  • You will not survive for longer than 3 months without community

As you can see from the list above he would have survived an additional two weeks without any food, let alone the taco sauce. It was completely irrelevant. We need to take our survival and preparedness seriously and not propagate these aggrandized misconceptions about survival, that helps no one.

I am an advocate of getting out there and exploring, pushing your limits, and expanding your skill sets. But I am wholeheartedly against being foolish and reckless, let alone the media making a circus out of such foolishness.

Remember, Knowledge is the easiest tool to carry!

  • Know where you are going.
  • Know who you are going with.
  • Know what you are taking with you.
  • Know the limits of your own skills.
  • Know when to turn around.
  • Know better than to foolishly put yourself at risk.

As Always,
Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

Posted on

Winter Training

It is time again for winter training. The NW Survival crew is headed out to the wilderness for some winter weather survival training. We will be practicing all the basic winter survival skills and reviewing some new gear. We have been cleaning, testing and preparing our gear for the trip.

Our 4-season Igloo
Our 4-season Igloo

We will be snowshoeing 3.5 miles into the Mt. Washington wilderness with only what we can carry and fit on our sled. The weather forecast says the night-time temperatures will be in the 20’s so it will be relatively mild. This will be nice for the rookies, a great way to expose them to the wonders of winter camping.

We will be practicing our water management skills. How best to find water, gather it and keep it from freezing before we use it. We will be practicing the art of building a fire on the snow and improvised shelter.

It is very important during the cold weather to remain hydrated, it is very easy to not drink enough water. The cold weather is sneaky at stripping the moisture from us without being warm, so we don’t think about hydration. When you get dehydrated it is very difficult to keep warm.

We are looking forward to a great trip, with lots of training and skill building. Stay tuned for our update after our return.

As Always,

Stay Vigilant and Be Prepared

×